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		Stairmaking - Course: Timberwork techniques. Instruction examples for practical vocational training (Institut für Berufliche Entwicklung, 34 p.)
			(introduction...)
			Preliminary Remarks
			Instruction Example 8.1.: Taking off Dimensions at the Stairwell
			Instruction Example 8.2.: Determination for the Ratio of Rise and Tread
			Instruction Example 8.3.: Scribing of landing connections
			Instruction Example 8.4.: Manufacture of Template and Angular Board
			Instruction Example 8.5.: Scribing and Preparing the Stair Strings
			Instruction Example 8.6.: Manufacture of Steps and Risers
			Instruction Example 8.7.: Assembly of the Stair Flight

Instruction Example 8.4.: Manufacture of Template and Angular Board

Assumed to be known:

- Height of rise = 180 mm
- Tread width = 270 mm
- String bottom = 40 mm
- False tread = 30 mm

Figure

Hand tools

Hammer, jack plane

Measuring and testing means

Folding rule, square

Auxiliary accessories

Pencil, 50 mm long nails board, about 700 mm long, exactly 180 mm wide, 20 mm thick, batten, about 40 mm wide, 450 mm long, 20 mm thick, piece of board, 300 mm long, 200 mm wide, 20 mm thick

Necessary previous knowledge

Measuring, angling, scribing, sawing, manual planing, nailing

Explanations to the working drawing

(1) template for steps

(2) angular board for risers

1 batten, 2 board

b - any size, u - false tread, a - tread width,
VT - marking, VS - front edge of riser, HS - rear edge of riser, s - height of rise

Sequence of operations

Comments

1. Saw wide board to approximate length.

Scribe the angle.

2. Plane the board to exact width.
(Width = height of rise)

Use the jack plane. Make sure parallelism!

3. Measure any size, mark and identify with "VT" marking.

Make short scribe-marking. VT = front edge of step.

4. Measure false tread (u) from "VT" marking, mark and transfer to bottom side of board.

Use the square!

5. Measure one tread width (a) from "u" mark, mark and scribe front edge of riser (VS).

Make short scribe-marking. Use the square..

6. Measure riser thickness from "VS" marking, mark, scribe and identify with "HS" rear edge of riser.

Make short scribe-marking. Use the square.

7. Draw a diagonal line from "VS" to "u".

Draw a thin dash-line. Apply square-leg exactly! (Dash-line represents stair flight inclination!)
If the stair flight inclination is wrong, the stair string will not fit into the stairwell!

8. Draw a second line from "HS" in parallel with the drawn dash-line.

Ensure parallelism!

9. Measure-in and mark string bottom square with second dash-line drawn and draw thin lin parallely with dash-line; identify line with "UkW" marking.

Drawn line represents lower edge of stair string.

10. Nail a batten flush with the "UkW" line.

Plane the batten! Any width - approx. 40 mm.

11. Produce angular board.

Board length exactly u + a.
Width bigger than s.
Angular cuts at both sides.

12. Check the sizes of the template and angular board.

Correct, if necessary.

Manufacture of Template and Angular Board

Sequence of operations	Comments
1. Saw wide board to approximate length.	Scribe the angle.
2. Plane the board to exact width. (Width = height of rise)	Use the jack plane. Make sure parallelism!
3. Measure any size, mark and identify with "VT" marking.	Make short scribe-marking. VT = front edge of step.
4. Measure false tread (u) from "VT" marking, mark and transfer to bottom side of board.	Use the square!
5. Measure one tread width (a) from "u" mark, mark and scribe front edge of riser (VS).	Make short scribe-marking. Use the square..
6. Measure riser thickness from "VS" marking, mark, scribe and identify with "HS" rear edge of riser.	Make short scribe-marking. Use the square.
7. Draw a diagonal line from "VS" to "u".	Draw a thin dash-line. Apply square-leg exactly! (Dash-line represents stair flight inclination!) If the stair flight inclination is wrong, the stair string will not fit into the stairwell!
8. Draw a second line from "HS" in parallel with the drawn dash-line.	Ensure parallelism!
9. Measure-in and mark string bottom square with second dash-line drawn and draw thin lin parallely with dash-line; identify line with "UkW" marking.	Drawn line represents lower edge of stair string.
10. Nail a batten flush with the "UkW" line.	Plane the batten! Any width - approx. 40 mm.
11. Produce angular board.	Board length exactly u + a. Width bigger than s. Angular cuts at both sides.
12. Check the sizes of the template and angular board.	Correct, if necessary.