 |  | A Guide to the Development of On-site Sanitation (WHO, 1992, 246 p.) |
 |  | (introduction...) |
| | Preface |
|  | Part I. Foundations of sanitary practice |
| | Chapter 1. The need for on-site sanitation |
| | Introduction |
| | Historical evidence |
| | The present situation |
| | Constraints |
| | Priorities |
| | Chapter 2. Sanitation and disease transmission |
| | Diseases associated with excreta and wastewater |
| | How disease is carried from excreta |
| | Chapter 3. Social and cultural considerations |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Social structure |
| | Cultural beliefs and practices |
| | Concepts of hygiene |
| | Beliefs about sanitation and disease |
| | Forces for change |
| | Responses to change |
| | Conclusion |
| | Chapter 4. Technical options |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Open defecation |
| | Shallow pit |
| | Simple pit latrine |
| | Borehole latrine |
| | Ventilated pit latrine |
| | Pour-flush latrine |
| | Single or double pit |
| | Composting latrine |
| | Septic tank |
| | Aqua-privy |
| | Removal systems for excreta |
| | Part II. Detailed design, construction, operation and maintenance |
| | Chapter 5. Technical factors affecting excreta disposal |
| | Human wastes |
| | Ground conditions |
| | Insect and vermin problems |
| | Chapter 6. Operation and maintenance of on-site sanitation |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Pit latrines |
| | Simple pit latrines |
| | Ventilated pit latrines |
| | Ventilated double-pit latrines |
| | Pour-flush latrines |
| | Offset pour-flush latrines |
| | Double-pit offset pour-flush latrines |
| | Raised pit latrines |
| | Borehole latrines |
| | Septic tanks |
| | Aqua-privies |
| | Disposal of effluent from septic tanks and aqua-privies |
| | Composting latrines |
| | Multiple latrines |
| | Other latrines |
| | Chapter 7. Components and construction of latrines |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Pits |
| | Latrine floors |
| | Slabs |
| | Footrests and squat holes |
| | Seats for latrines |
| | Water seals and pans |
| | Vent pipes |
| | Superstructure |
| | Chapter. 8 Design examples |
| | Introduction |
| | Pit latrine design |
| | Septic tank design |
| | Aqua-privy design |
| | Disposal of effluent from septic tanks and aqua-privies |
| | Composting toilets |
| | Part III. Planning and development of on-site sanitation projects |
| | Chapter 9. Planning |
| | (introduction...) |
| | The demand for sanitation |
| | Project definition |
| | Background information |
| | Comparison and selection of systems |
| | Chapter 10. Institutional, economic and financial factors |
| | Institutional responsibilities |
| | Human resources development |
| | Economic factors |
| | Financial factors |
| | Examples |
| | Chapter 11. Development |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Implementation |
| | Operation and maintenance |
| | Evaluation |
| | References |
| | Selected further reading |
| | Glossary of terms used in this book |
| | Annex 1. Reuse of excreta |
| | Annex 2. Sullage |
| | Annex 3. Reviewers |
| | Selected WHO publications of related interest |
| | Back Cover |
