5. Selected Types of Washers
Washers are placed under the heads of bolts or screws or under
nuts, where
- the bearing faces are not properly machined,
-
bolts, screws and nuts are to be tightened on oblong holes,
- slopes of the
bearing face must be componensated.
Figure 14. Uses of washers
1 washer on an oblong hole, 2 wedge-shaped washer
on an inclined face
Washers are made of the same materials as bolts, screws and nuts
and can have the same kind of plating.
There are washers of different sizes and thicknesses and to
account for different properties in the proportion of hole diameter and width of
the edge.
Figure 15. Washers
1 common washers for bolts and screws, 2 washers
for elongated holes, 3 wedge-shaped washer for inclined surfaces, 4 washer for
iron and steel work
Give uses of
washers.
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