Back to Home Page of CD3WD Project or Back to list of CD3WD Publications

CLOSE THIS BOOKCircuits, Formulas and Tables Electrical Engineering - Basic vocational knowledge (Institut für Berufliche Entwicklung, 201 p.)
1. Selected Graphical Symbols of Electrotechnology
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.1. Graphical Symbols for General Circuit Elements
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.2. Graphical Symbols for Types of Current, Voltage and Connections
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.3. Graphical Symbols for Lines and Line Connections
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.4. Graphical Symbols for Resistors
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.5. Graphical Symbols for Capacitors
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.6. Graphical Symbols for Coils and Transformers
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.7. Graphical Symbols for Current and Voltage Transformers
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.8. Graphical Symbols for Electrochemical and Electrothermal Sources
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.9. Graphical Symbols for Tubes
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.10. Graphical Symbols for Semiconductors
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.11. Graphical Symbols for Switching Devices
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.12. Graphical Symbols for Machines
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.13. Graphical Symbols for Meter Movements and Measuring Instruments
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.14. Graphical Symbols of Electroacoustics
VIEW THE DOCUMENT1.15. Graphical Symbols for Wiring Plans

Circuits, Formulas and Tables Electrical Engineering - Basic vocational knowledge (Institut für Berufliche Entwicklung, 201 p.)

1. Selected Graphical Symbols of Electrotechnology

1.1. Graphical Symbols for General Circuit Elements

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

Polarity



positive

+


negative

-


centre point, neutral

N


Directions of transmission and motion



energy direction


direction of motion


sense of rotation (rotating)


direction of turning


Possibilities of adjusting, setting



adjusting


setting


Variabilities



general, linear


non-linear


Pulse shapes



rectangular pulse, positive


rectangular pulse, negative


Shieldings



general

- - - -


electrostatic


electromagnetic


shielding of a component


1.2. Graphical Symbols for Types of Current, Voltage and Connections

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

Type of voltage and current



direct voltage


direct current



alternating voltage, alternating current


alternating voltage within the range of audio frequency


alternating voltage within the range of high frequency


direct or alternating voltage


Alternating current connections



star connection


delta connection


star-delta connection


zig-zag connection


1.3. Graphical Symbols for Lines and Line Connections

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

Lines



line, general


2 lines

3 lines

4 lines

n - lines


crossing of two lines without connection

crossing of two lines with connection

shielded line

coaxial line


Line and cable connections



earth connection


ground connection (chassis or the like)


disconnectable and non-disconnectable electrical connection, general


disconnectable electrical connection, e.g. terminal


cable termination


coupling sleeve


joint box for a branching


joint box for two branchings


1.4. Graphical Symbols for Resistors

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

resistor, general


resistor, variable, with possible circuit interruption


resistor, variable, without circuit interruption


resistor as voltage divider


resistor, adjustable

resistor, infinitely variable resistor, voltage-dependent non-linear

fusible cut-out, general


potential fuse, general


two-electrode arrester


ion arrester (dot = gas filing)


1.5. Graphical Symbols for Capacitors

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

capacitor, general


electrolyte capacitors



polarised


non-polarised


lead-in capacitor, polarised


lead-in capacitor, non-polarised


variable capacitor


variable capacitor with indication of rotor


anti-interference capacitor


1.6. Graphical Symbols for Coils and Transformers

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

Coils



general



or


air-cored coil



or


air-cored coil with two tappings

or


iron core


iron core and air gap


iron dust core


iron-core choke

or

Transformers



single-phase transformer with iron core (if errors cannot be made, the core need not be drawn)



single-phase transformer with iron-core and 3 windings (core not represented)

three-phase transformer in star-star connection (core not represented)

three-phase transformer, star-delta connection

three-phase autotransformer in star connection

1.7. Graphical Symbols for Current and Voltage Transformers

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

Current transformers



primary winding

or


secondary winding

or


current transformer, general

Voltage transformers



general

or

capacitive

or


1.8. Graphical Symbols for Electrochemical and Electrothermal Sources

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

battery cell, general


battery, 5 cells with one tapping


thermoelectric element


1.9. Graphical Symbols for Tubes

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

diode, indirectly heated


duodiode, indirectly heated

or


triode, indirectly heated

or


duotriode with separated cathodes, indirectly heated, heating filament with central tapping, internal screening of the system


tetrode


pentode, suppressor grid connected with cathode


triode - pentode


triode - heptode (according to the circuit, the systems may be drawn left-and-right reversed)


1.10. Graphical Symbols for Semiconductors

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

Transistors



point contact transistor or junction transistor, type p-n-p


n-p-n transistor


Semiconductor diodes



diode with rectifying function

or


capacity diode


tunnel diode


avalanche rectifier diode


avalanche rectifier diode with avalanche effect in both directions


backward diode


Thyristors



general


backward blocking


backward conducting


n-type gate, controlled at anode side


p-type gate, controlled at cathode side


Semiconductor elements which can be influenced by light



photoresistance cell


photodiode


photocell with depletion layer


phototriode p-n-p


switching diode p-n-p-n


Semiconductor circuits



switching diode p-n-p-n


semiconductor valves in bridge connection


or

1.11. Graphical Symbols for Switching Devices

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

Switching members



make contacts, general

break contacts, general

change-over switch, general


change-over switch with central rest position


Relay switching members



make contacts

break contacts

change-over switch with interruption in switching

Switches



hand-actuated lever switch


make contacts with automatic resetting

break contacts with automatic resetting


disconnecting switch, three-pole


power circuit-breaker, three-pole

power breaker, three-pole


power switch, three-pole

switch, three-pole, with one make contact and two break contacts

Drive members



drive, general


drive, thermal


drive by centrifugal force


drive by piston


drive by electrical motor


drive by cams


drive by float


manual drive


manual drive with automatic resetting


foot drive


actuation by means of a key


drive by relay or contactor


Electrical drive systems



relay winding only for alternating current


winding of a relay insensitive to alternating current


winding of an electro-thermal relay


winding of a remanence relay


winding of a polarised relay


winding for relay tripping by over-current

winding for relay tripping by undercurrent

winding for relay tripping by reverse current

winding for relay tripping by overvoltage

winding for relay tripping by undervoltage

winding for relay tripping by error voltage

winding for thermal tripping of relay

relay winding with delay of attraction


relay winding with delay of dropping


relay winding with delay of attraction and dropping


relay winding with electrothermal delay


relay winding with electronic delay


winding for relay tripping by open-circuit working


winding for relay tripping by closed-circuit working


winding for relay tripping by overcurrent with time lag


Plugged connections



receptacle


plug


connector, single-pole


connector, four-pole


h.f. coaxial receptacle


h.f. coaxial connector


h.f. coaxial connector, two - core


1.12. Graphical Symbols for Machines

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

rotor with winding, commutator and brushes


asynchronous machine, stator in delta connection, rotor in star connection


direct-current generator

direct-current motor

three-phase generator

three-phase motor (cage rotor)

three-phase motor (slip-ring rotor)

1.13. Graphical Symbols for Meter Movements and Measuring Instruments

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

voltage path of a movement

or


current path of a movement

or


movement of a wattmeter


voltage paths for summation or differentiation


current paths for summation or differentiation


movement of a two-phase wattmeter with 2 elements


movement of an ohmmeter


movement of a frequency meter


Measuring instruments



voltmeter

ammeter

wattmeter with 2 elements

electrometer


1.14. Graphical Symbols of Electroacoustics

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

Devices



telephone receiver


or

microphone


or

throat microphone


hand set


loudspeaker


or

monohead, general


stereohead, general


record head, mechanical


replay head, mechanical


magnetic head, general


recording head


playback head


magnetic head for recording and playback


erasing head


bell, general


alternating current bell


direct current bell


single-stroke bell


buzzer


horn


siren


howler


Signs



electromagnetic


electrodynamic by coil


electrodynamic by band


piezoelectric


magnetostrictive


capacitive


carbon


Examples



electromagnetic telephone receiver


carbon microphone


capacitor microphone


magnetostrictive loudspeaker


1.15. Graphical Symbols for Wiring Plans

Term

Graphical Symbol


in full

simplified

distribution box

cut-out, single-pole

cut-out, two-pole

cut-out, three-pole

group switch, single-pole


multi-circuit switch, single-pole

single-pole double-throw switch

four-way switch, single-pole

plug socket, single


plug socket, double


plug socket with protective contact, single

plug socket with protective contact, double


luminous key switch


glow lamp


fluorescent lamp

glow igniter


door opener


TO PREVIOUS SECTION OF BOOK TO NEXT SECTION OF BOOK