Annex 3.1 T

TABLES ON RICE PRE-HARVEST OPERATIONS

Table 3.1.1. Grain losses at different harvesting times based on crop maturity date.

Loss, %	0.77	3.35	5.63	8.64	40.70	60.46
Harvesting time, week(s)	-1	0	+1	+2	+3	+4
		Maturity date

Source: Almera, 1997

Table 3.1.2. Average losses related to condition of ripeness of three rice varieties when harvested by traditional hand cutting method, Philippines.

Variety	3 days before normal stage, %	Normal stage for traditional, %	3 days after normal stage, %	5 days after normal stage, %
IR8	13	17	23	29
Peta	3	7	11	15
Raminad	3.5	6	8	9

Source: NAPHIRE, 1997.

Table 3.1.3. Percentage grain losses resulting from dates of cutting of
two varieties of rice.

	Grain loss, %
Cutting date	Before reaping		During reaping
	IR-36	IR-38	IR-36	IR-38
5 days before maturity	0.05	0.23	0.39	0.35
5 days after maturity	0.16	0.23	0.49	0.58
At maturity	0.16	0.54	0.42	0.42

Source: Calpatura, 1978.

Table 3.1.4. Average cutting losses related to condition of ripeness of rice.

Harvesting system	3 days before normal stage %	Normal stage for traditional %	3 days after normal stage %	5 days after normal stage %
Traditional hand cut	6.00	8.70	10.50	12.00
Reaper-binder	1.00	3.10	1.20	5.80
Combine harvester	2.00	3.10	1.20	5.80

Source: Hilangalantileke

Table 3.1.5. The effects of grain maturity or time of harvest on paddy quality
(Zhejiang, China, 1988).

Type of rice crop/ time of harvest	Milling recovery %	Head rice recovery %	Immature kernels %	Germination rate %
Early rice crop
Early	71.58a	30.45a	16.91a	92.65b
Optimum	72.90a	43.68a	9.2a	97.68a
Delayed	71.35a	35.48a	7.8a	97.48a
Late rice crop
Early	76.54a	64.98a	14.24a	86.64a
Optimum	76.97a	73.77a	10.83a	92.38ab
Delayed	77.25a	90.91a	6.79a	97.04a

Means followed by the same letter in a column are not significantly different at 5% level (Duncan's
multiple range test).
Source: Ren-Yong, et al. 1990.