Small-Scale Oil Extraction from Groundnuts and Copra (ILO - WEP, 1983, 128 p.) APPENDICES Appendix. I: Present worth of an annuity factor Appendix II: Equipment manufacturers Appendix III: List of institutions and agencies involved in oil extraction Appendix IV: List of directories which provide information on equipment manufacturers Appendix V: Selected list of journals on oil extraction Appendix VI: Selected bibliography

Small-Scale Oil Extraction from Groundnuts and Copra (ILO - WEP, 1983, 128 p.)

APPENDICES

Appendix. I: Present worth of an annuity factor

How much 1 received or paid annually for X years is worth today

Year	5%	6%	8%	10%	12%	14%	15%	16%	18%	20%	22%	24%	25%	26%	28%	50%	55%	40%
1	0.952	0.945	0.926	0.909	0.895	0.877	0.870	0.862	0.847	0.855	0.820	0.806	0.800	0.794	0.781	0.769	0.741	0.714
2	1.859	1.855	1.785	1.756	1.690	1.647	1.626	1.605	1.566	1.528	1.492	1.457	1.440	1.424	1.592	1.561	1.289	1.224
5	2.725	2.675	2.577	2.487	2.402	2.522	2.285	2.246	2.174	2.106	2.042	1.901	1.952	1.925	1.868	1.816	1.696	1.589
4	5.546	5.465	5.512	5.170	5.057	2.914	2.855	2.798	2.690	2.589	2.494	2.404	2.562	2.520	2.241	2.166	1.997	1.849
5	4.550	4.212	5.995	5.791	5.605	5.455	5.552	5.274	5.127	2.991	2.864	2.745	2.689	2.655	2.552	2.456	2.220	2.055
6	5.076	4.917	4.625	4.555	4.111	5.889	5.784	5.685	5.498	5.526	5.167	5.020	2.951	2.885	2.759	2.645	2.585	2.168
7	5.786	5.582	5.206	4.868	4.564	4.288	4.160	4.059	5.812	5.605	5.416	5.242	5.161	5.085	2.957	2.802	2.508	2.265
8	6.465	6.210	5.747	5.555	4.968	4.659	4.487	4.544	4.078	5.857	5.619	5.421	5.529	5.241	5.076	2.925	2.598	2.551
9	7.108	6.802	6.247	5.759	5.528	4.946	4.772	4.607	4.505	4.051	5.786	5.566	5.465	5.566	5.184	5.019	2.665	2.579
10	7.722	7.560	6.710	6.145	5.650	5.216	5.019	4.855	4.494	4.192	5.925	5.682	5.571	5.465	5.269	5.092	2.715	2.414
11	8.506	7.887	7.159	6.495	5.958	5.455	5.254	5.029	4.656	4.527	4.055	5.776	5.656	5.544	5.555	5.147	2.752	2.458
12	8.865	8.584	7.556	6.814	6.194	5.660	5.421	5.197	4.795	4.459	4.127	5.851	5.725	5.606	5.587	5.190	2.779	2.456
13	9.594	8.855	7.904	7.105	6.424	5.842	5.585	5.542	4.910	4.555	4.205	5.912	.5.780	5.656	5.427	5.225	2.799	2.468
14	9.899	9.295	8.244	7.567	6.628	6.002	5.724	5.468	5.008	4.611	4.265	5.962	5.824	5.695	5.459	5.249	2.814	2.477
15	10.580	9.712	8.559	7.606	6.811	6.142	5.847	5.575	5.092	4.675	4.515	4.001	5.859	5.726	5.485	5.268	2.825	2.484
16	10.858	10.106	8.851	7.824	6.974	6.265	5.954	5.669	5.162	4.750	4.557	4.055	5.887	5.751	5.505	5.285	2.854	2.489
17	11.274	10.477	9.122	8.022	7.120	6.575	6.047	5.749	5.222	4.775	4.591	4.059	5.910	5.771	5.518	5.295	2.840	2.492
18	11.690	10.828	9.572	8.201	7.250	6.467	6.128	5.818	5.275	4.812	4.419	4.080	5.928	5.786	5.529	5.504	2.844	2.494
19	12.085	11.158	9.604	8.565	7.566	6.550	6.198	5.877	5.516	4.844	4.442	4.097	5.942	5.799	5.559	5.511	2.848	2.496
20	12.462	11.470	9.818	8.514	7.469	6.625	6.259	5.929	5.555	4.870	4.460	4.110	5.954	5.808	5.546	5.516	2.850	2.497
21	12.821	11.764	10.017	8.649	7.562	6.687	6.512	5.975	5.584	4.891	4.476	4.121	5.965	5.816	5.551	5.520	2.852	2.49E
22	15.165	12.042	10.201	8.772	7.645	6.745	6.559	6.011	5.410	4.909	4.488	4.150	5.970	5.822	5.556	5.525	2.855	2.498
25	15.489	12.505	10.571	8.885	7.718	6.792	6.599	6.044	5.452	4.925	4.499	4.157	5.976	5.827	5.559	5.525	2.854	2.499
24	15.799	12.550	10.529	8.985	7.784	6.855	6.454	6.075	5.451	4.957	4.507	4.145	5.981	5.851	5.562	5.527	2.855	2.499
25	14.094	12.785	10.675	9.077	7.845	6.875	6.464	6.097	5.467	4.948	4.514	4.147	5.985	5.854	5.564	5.529	2.856	2.499

Appendix II: Equipment manufacturers

The following list of manufacturers of oil extractor equipment is far from complete. Other manufacturers, in both developed and developing countries, most probably exist which could supply the various pieces of equipment described in this memorandum. However, information at hand at the time the memorandum was published did not allow an exhaustive coverage of equipment suppliers. Would-be or practising oil producers are therefore urged to identify, in the trade catalogues (see, for example Appendix IV) or from importers of equipment, other manufacturers who may supply the type of equipment they are looking for. It must also be emphasised that the equipment suppliers referred to in this Appendix do not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular supplier in connection with the technologies described in this volume is not a sign of disapproval.

Belgium
De Smet, 265 avenue Prince Baudouin, Edegem-Antwerp	Solvent extraction equipment
Brazil Masiero Industrial S.A. P.O. Box 218-219, Jan Sao Paulo,	Pre-press expellers, solvent extraction equipment
China China National Machinery Import and Export Corporation Shandong Branch, 82 Fan Hsiu Road, Tsingtao	Small oil expellers
Federal Republic of Germany
Mathias Reinartz, Neuss	Decorticators, seed cleaners, expellers
Freid Krupp, Harburger Eisen-Und Bronzewerke, Hamburg 90	Full press expellers Pre-press expellers Solvent extraction equipment
Christiansen & Meyer, Hamburg-Harburn Aussenmulhenweg 10	Solvent extraction equipment
Extraktiontechnik Geselschaft für Olmuhleneirichtungen, 200 Hamburg, 13 Werderstrasse	Solvent extraction equipment
Lurgi, D-6000 Frankfurt/Main 2	Solvent extraction equipment
France
Etablissement A. Olier, Clermont-Ferrand	Decorticators, seed cleaners, expellers, presses, solvent extraction plants
India
Hindsons Pvt. Ltd., Patiala, Punjab	Foot-operated groundnut shellers
The Punjab Oil Expeller Co., Patel Marg, Ghaziabad	Small expellers, fitter presses
S.P. Engineering Corp., P.O. Box No. 218, Kanpur	Small and medium scale expellers, decorticators, seed cleaners, small scale extraction plants
Kirloskar Brothers Ltd., Poona	Decorticators and seed cleaners
Swastik Expeller Industries, Bombay	Baby oil expellers, small-scale expellers
Kamal Engineering Corporation, Nagpur	Table model expeller
Dandekar Bros., Sangli, Maharashtra	Hand-operated groundnut decorticators
United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation, 22 Biplabi Rash Behari, Bose Road, Calcutta 1	Decorticators, seed cleaners, expellers, small-scale extractions plants
United Oil Mill Machinery and Spares, D-298 Defence Colony, New Delhi	Decorticators, seed cleaners, expellers, small-scale extraction plants
Premier Engineering Co., Cochin	Indirect hot-air copra driers
Numex Engineers, P.O. Box 820, Bombay	Small-scale oil extraction plants
Steel construction Co. Pvt, Bangalore	Seed cleaners
Israel
H.L.S. Ltd Industrial Engineering Company, P.O. Box 193, Petah-Tikuah	Solvent extraction equipment
Italy
Construzzioni Meccaniche Bernardini, C.M.B., Via Petronella, 0040 Pomezia (Roma)	Solvent extraction equipment
Fratelli Gianazza S.P.A., Via Le Cardona 78/84, 20025 Legano	Solvent extraction equipment
Japan
Chuo Baeki Goshi Kaiska (CECOCO), P.O. Box 8, Ibraki City, Osaka Pref.	Small-scale oil extraction plants, groundnut decorticators.
Luxembourg
Usine de Wecker Luxembourg	Presses
Malawi
Agrimal (Malawi) Ltd. P.O. Box 143, Blantyre	Groundnut shelters
Netherlands
Stork-Apparatenboun BV, P.O. Box 3007, Amsterdam	Complete oil mills
Switzerland
Buhler-Miag Ltd., Uzwil	Decorticators, seed cleaners
Tanzania
Ubongo Farm Implements, P.O. Box 2669, Dar es Salaam	Groundnut decorticators
United Kingdom
Messrs. Rose, Downs and Thompsons Ltd., Cannon Street, Hull	Large scale presses, and solvent extraction plants
Harrap Wilkinson Ltd., N. Phoebe Street, Salford	Automatic groundnut decorticating machines
R. Hunt and Co. Ltd., Atlas Works, Earls Colne, Colchester, Essex CO6 2EP	Groundnut decorticator
United States
V.D. Anderson Company, Cleveland, Ohio	Various pieces of oil extraction equipment and entire expeller plants
Anderson IBEC, 19699 Progress Drive, Strongfield, Ohio 44136	Full press expellers Pre press expellers Small oil expellers
French Oil Mill Machinery Company, Pique, Ohio 45356	Solvent extraction equipment Full press, pre-press expellers
Dravo Corporation, Chemical Plants Div. One Oliver Plaza, Pittsburgh, Pa 15222	Solvent extraction equipment
Bauer Brothers Co., Springfield, Ohio	Various pieces of oil extraction equipment and entire expeller plants

Appendix III: List of institutions and agencies involved in oil extraction

1.	FAO, Fats and Oils Section, Commodities and Trade Division, Economic and Social Department, Via delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy
2.	African Groundnut Council P.O. Box 3025, Lagos, Nigeria
3.	Asian Coconut Community, 2nd Floor, Pantja Niaga Building, 94-96 Djalan Kramat Raya, Djakarta, Indonesia
4.	Oil Technological Research Institute (OTRI), Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
5.	Philippine Coconut Oil Producers Association, Singson Building, Room 309, Manila, Philippines
6.	Coconut Research Institute of Ceylon, Bandirippura Estate, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka
7.	Tropical Products Institute, Oil Palm Advisory Bureau, 56/62 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1, United Kingdom
8.	National Peanut Council, 1120 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20036, United States
9.	Department of Transport, Works and Supply, P.O. Box 1108, Boroko, Papua New Guinea

Appendix IV: List of directories which provide information on equipment manufacturers

Australasian Manufacturers’ Directory,

Manufacturer Publishing Co. Pty Ltd.,
Elizabeth and Hill Streets,
North Sydney,
N.S.W. Australia

Thomas’ Register of American Manufacturers,

Thomas Publishing Co.,
461 8th Avenue,
New York, N.Y. 1001,
(United States)

Europ. Production,

ABC der Deutschen Wirtschaft,
Berliner Alice 8,
61 Darmstadt,
Federal Republic of Germany

Kompass Directories,

Kompass International AG,
Neuhausstrasse 4,
8044,
Zurich,
Switzerland

Appendix V: Selected list of journals on oil extraction

Ceylon Coconut Quarterly,

Publ:	Coconut Research Institute,
	Bandirippura Estate,
	Lunuwilla,
	Sri Lanka

Tropical Products Quarterly,

Publ:	Commonwealth Secretariat,
	Printing Section,
	Pall Mall,
	London, SW1,
	United Kingdom

Coconut Bulletin,

Publ:	Directorate of Coconut Development,
	Ministry of Food and Agriculture,
	Government of India,
	Ernakulam 1,
	India

Appendix VI: Selected bibliography

Achaya, K.T: Appropriate technology for production and processing of oils and fats. Paper presented at International Forum on Appropriate Industrial Technology (New Delhi, UNIDO, 1978).

Aten, A., Manni, M., and Cooke, F.C.: Copra processing in rural industries FAO, Agricultural Development Paper No. 63 (Rome, FAO, 1958).

Boyd, John: A buyer’s guide to low-cost agricultural implements (London, Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd., 1976).

De, S.S. and Cornelius, J.A.: Technology of production of edible flours and protein products from groundnuts. Agricultural Services Bulletin No. 10 (Rome, FAO, 1971).

Godin, V.G. and Spensley, P.C.: Oil and oilseeds. Crop and Product Digests No. 1 (London, TPI, 1971).

Grimwood, Brian E.: Coconut palm products (Rome, FAO, 1976).

Hagenmaier, Robert D.: Coconut aqueous processing (Cebu City, Philippines, San Carlos Publications, 1980).

Rao, P.V.S: A study of village oil industry in India (Lucknow, Appropriate Technology Development Association, 1980).

Thampan, P.K.: The coconut palm and its products (Cochin, India, Green Villa Publishing House, 1975).

Thieme, J.G.: Coconut oil processing (Rome, FAO, 1968).

Tropical Products Institute: An economic study of lauric oilseed processing (London, 1973).

Tropical Products Institute: An economic evaluation of the wet coconut process developed at the Tropical Products Institute (London, 1973).

Tropical Products Institute: Crop and product digest No. 1 (London, 1971).

Tropical Products Institute: Development of a wet coconut process designed to extract protein and oil from fresh coconut (London, 1973).

UNIDO: Appropriate industrial technology for oils and fats (New York, United Nations, 1979).

UNIDO: Coconut processing technology information documents. Part 1 to 7, Coconut harvesting and copra production (Vienna, 1980), limited distribution.

UNIDO: Coconut Processing Technology Information Documents, Part 2 of 7, Coconut oil extraction (Vienna, 1980), limited distribution.

UNIDO: Guidelines for the establishment and operation of vegetable oil factories (New York, United Nations, 1977).

QUESTIONNAIRE

1.	Full name .............................................................................................................
2.	Address ...............................................................................................................
3.	Profession (check the appropriate case)
		(a) Small-scale oil producer ...............................................................................
		(b) Official from the Agriculture Ministry ..............................................................
		(c) Extension officer ..........................................................................................
		(d) Staff member of a training institution .............................................................
		If yes, specify................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
		(e) University staff member ................................................................................
		(f) Staff member of a technology institution..........................................................
		If yes, specify .................................................................................................. .........................................................................................................................
		(g) Staff member of a financial institution ............................................................
		(i) International technical assistance expert..........................................................
		(j) Other.............................................................................................................
		If yes, specify ................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
4.	From where did you get a copy of the memorandum? Specify if given free or bought................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................
5.	Did the memorandum help you achieve the following (Check the appropriate case(s))
		(a) Learn about oil extraction techniques you were not aware of ...........................
		(b) Estimate unit production costs for various scales of production/technologies .....
		(c) Improve your current production technique .....................................................
		(d) Cut down operating costs ..............................................................................
		(e) Improve the quality of produced oil .................................................................
		(f) Decide which technology to adopt for a new oil extraction unit ..........................
		(g) If a government employee, to formulate new policies and measures in favour of the small-scale oil extraction sector .....................................................................
		(h) If an employee of a financial institution, to assess a request for a loan for the establishment of a small-scale oil extraction plant .................................................
		(i) If a trainer or extension officer, to use the memorandum as a supplementary training material .................................................................................................
		(j) If an international expert, to better advise counterparts on oil extraction techniques ........................................................................................................
		(k) Indicate any other help provided by this memorandum ...................................... ......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

6.	Is the memorandum detailed enough in terms of:
		- Technical aspects ...........................................................................................	Yes	No
		- Costing information .........................................................................................	Yes	No
		- Information on socio-economic impact ..............................................................	Yes	No
	If some of the answers are “No”, please indicate why below or on a separate sheet of paper ....................................................................................................................

7. How might this memorandum be improved if a second edition were to be published?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

8. Please send the questionnaire, duly completed, to:

Technology and Employment Branch,
International Labour Office,
CH-1211 GENEVA 22 (Switzerland)

9. In case you need additional information on some of the issues covered by this memorandum, the ILO and FAO will do their best to provide the requested information.