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Metric system:
1 kilometre, km = 1000 metres m
1 m = 100 centimetres,
cm
1 cm = 10 millimetres, mm
1 mm = 1000 micron, u
1 cubic
metre,m³ = 1000 litres,
1 l = 1000 cm³ or ml
1 ml = 1000
mm³
1 ton = 1000 kilograms, kg
1 kg = 1000 grams, g
1 g = 1000
milligrams, mg
Table
Table of sieve mesh sizes
The fineness of a sieve is measured as the number of threads that can be counted across one inch of sieve mesh. A number (60, 80, 100 . . .) followed by "mesh" indicates the fineness of sieves.
The numbers in the first column correspond to threads per inch (2.54 cm) of sieve mesh according to British standard series. The second and third column show the maximum particle size, in mm and inch, that can pass through the sieve mesh.
|
B.s.s. number |
size in mm |
size in inch |
|
5 |
3.355 |
0.1320 |
|
6 |
2.812 |
0.1107 |
|
7 |
2.410 |
0.0949 |
|
8 |
2.057 |
0.0810 |
|
10 |
1.676 |
0.0660 |
|
12 |
1.404 |
0.0553 |
|
14 |
1.203 |
0.0474 |
|
16 |
1.003 |
0.0395 |
|
18 |
0.853 |
0.0336 |
|
22 |
0.699 |
0.0275 |
|
25 |
0.600 |
0.0236 |
|
30 |
0.500 |
0.0197 |
|
36 |
0.422 |
0.0166 |
|
44 |
0.353 |
0.0139 |
|
52 |
0.295 |
0.0116 |
|
60 |
0.251 |
0.0099 |
|
72 |
0.211 |
0.0083 |
|
85 |
0.178 |
0.0070 |
|
100 |
0.152 |
0.0060 |
|
120 |
0.124 |
0.0049 |
|
150 |
0.104 |
0.0041 |
|
170 |
0.089 |
0.0035 |
|
200 |
0.076 |
0.0030 |
|
300 |
0.053 |
0.0021 |
|
350 |
0.043 |
0.0017 |
Table of geological particle grading (Wentworth-Udden Scale)
|
Particle |
Size range |
|
Boulder above |
256 mm |
|
Cobble |
64-256 mm |
|
Pebble |
4 - 64 mm |
|
Gravel (granule) |
2-4 mm |
|
Sand |
1/16-2 mm |
|
Silt |
1/256-1/16 mm |
|
Clay |
below 1/256 mm |
Table
(United States, Ohaio, the E. Orton Jr. Ceramic
Foundation)
Bending temperatures of large cones when heated at
150³/hour
Properties of fuel
Average properties of solid fuels
Table
Properties of dry wood
Table
Note:
Heat or calorific value is measured in calories per gram of fuel. One calorie is the heat required to heat 1 gram of water 1 °C. Gross calorific value is the heat that theoretically can be obtained, whereas net value is what is normally obtained when firing a kiln. Both values are included for comparison with other fuels.
Properties of liquid fuels:
Hardness of materials is compared to the hardness of 10 different minerals, which have been listed according to their hardness.
|
|
1 Talc |
| |
2 Gypsum (rock) |
| |
3 Calcite |
| |
4 Fluorspar |
|
increasing hardness |
5 Apatite (5.5 window glass and penknife) |
| |
6 Orthoclase feldspar (6.5 metal file) |
|
ß |
7 Quartz |
| |
8 Topaz |
| |
9 Corundum (pure alumina) |
| |
10 Diamond |
This list can be used to identify a mineral in the field by trying to scratch a mineral with a penknife. If that is possible the mineral has a hardness below 5.5, otherwise its hardness is above 5.5.
Table
Conversion formulas:
X°C = (X x 9)/5 + 32 °F
Y°C = (Y - 32)/9 + 5 °C
Table
Table
E. Bourry: A Treatise on Ceramic Industries.(Scott, Greenwood & Son, London 1919)
R. C. Brodie: The Energy-Efficient Potter. (Watson-GuptiH, New York 1982)
M. Cardew: Pioneer Pottery. (Longman, London 1969)
FAO, Bangkok: Community Forestry. (FAO, Regional Office, Bangkok 1984)
I. Gregory: Kiln Building.(Pitman, U.K. 1977)
R. W. Grimshaw: The Chemistry and Physics of Clays. (Ernest Benn, London 1971)
F. Hamer: The Potter's Dictionary of Matetials and Techniques. (Pitman, London 1975)
J. G. King: Fuel; Solid, Liquid and Gaseous. (Edward Arnold, London 1967)
B. Leach: A Potter's Book.(Faber & Faber, U.K. 1949)
F. H. Norton: Refractories.(McGraw-HiH, New York 1949)
F. Olsen: The Kiln Book.(Chilton, Radnor USA 1983)
D. Parks: A Potter's Guide to Raw Glazing and Oil Firing. (Pitman, London 1980)
D. Rhodes: Kilns. (Pitman, London 1969)
A. B. Searle: Refractory Materials; their manufacture and uses. (Charles Griffin' London 1953)
F. Singer & S. S. Singer: Industrial Ceramics.(Chapman and Hall, London 1963)
C.N.Spinks: The Ceramic Wares of Siam. (Siam Society; Bangkok 1978)
G.Williams: Studio Potter Book. (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1979)
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